Common Tests

Computerized tomography or computer assisted tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a form of radiology or X-ray which uses computers to construct pictures of selected body parts. Dye may be injected into a vein to obtain a better picture. Other than needle insertion for the contrast material, this test is painless.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) makes pictures of the inside of the brain and other body structures. It involves no radiation. It is performed by lying still in a small cylindrical chamber for about 30 minutes. Because MRI utilizes a very strong magnet, if you have any metal other than dental fillings, you need to notify your physician.

Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is an extension of a MRI and gives images of the blood vessels in the brain and other areas of the body.

A myelogram may be helpful in patients who have neck pain, back pain or suspected spinal problems. Contrast material is injected into the spinal canal, making the structure visible to X-rays. A myelogram is frequently performed in conjunction with CAT scans and requires hospitalization.

Arteriograms (angiograms) are special diagnostic X-rays that provide a look at arteries going to and coursing through the brain. Contrast material is injected into a neck or groin artery to make smaller arteries visible to X-rays. Hospitalization is required.

Ultrasonography uses high frequency sound waves to analyze blood flow in cases of possible stroke. This test is painless.

Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction velocities (NCV) measure and record electrical activity from the muscles and nerves. This may be helpful in cases of pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness. Because small needles are inserted into the muscle and mild electrical shocks are given to stimulate the nerve, slight discomfort is experienced.

Evoked potentials record the brain's electrical response to visual, auditory, and other sensory stimuli. They are useful to evaluate and diagnose symptoms of dizziness, numbness and tingling.

Cerebrospinal fluid analysis (Spinal Tap) is frequently helpful in making the diagnosis of various neurological disorders including tumor and infection of the brain or spinal cord. Under local anesthesia, fluid is withdrawn from the spinal column.

An electroencephalogram (EEG) records the brain's continuos electrical activity, by means of electrodes attached to the scalp. It is used to diagnose structural disease of the brain and episodes such as seizures, fainting or blacking out. It is painless and requires little preparation.